The structure of detector data (“.detx” extension) is more complex and depends on the detector type:
<detector type=str name=str description=str0> <crystal height=float radius=float bulletizingRadius1,2,3,4=float0 /> <core height1,3=float radius=float rounded1,3=bool /> 1,2,3,4 <well depth=float radius=float /> 6,8 <inactiveGe topThickness1,2,3,4,5=float0 sideThickness1,2,3,4,5=float0 topUpperThickness6=float0 topLowerThickness6=float0 sideInnerThickness6=float0 sideOuterThickness6=float0 bottomThickness5=float0 /> 1,2,3,4,5,6 <reflectingLayer topThickness7=float0 sideThickness7=float0 topUpperThickness8=float0 topLowerThickness8=float0 sideInnerThickness8=float0 sideOuterThickness8=float0> 7,8 <material Reflecting layer material specification /> </reflectingLayer> <contact topThickness1=float0 sideThickness=float0> 1,2 <material Contact material specification /> </contact> <contactPin radius=float0> 1,2,3,4,5 <material Contact pin material specification /> </contactPin> <opticalCoupling thickness=float0>7 <material Optical coupling material specification /> </opticalCoupling> <photomultiplierTube>7 <wall thickness=float0> <material Photomultiplier tube wall material specification /> </wall> <window thickness=float0> <material Photomultiplier tube window material specification /> <window> </photomultiplierTube> <endCap topThickness1,2,3,4,5,7=float sideThickness=float topUpperThickness6,8=float topLowerThickness6,8=float > <material End-cap material specification /> <window thickness=float radius=float holeRadius=float holderThickness=float0> 1,2,3,4,5,7 <material End-cap window material specification /> </window> <coatings> <coating topThickness1,2,3,4,5,7=float sideThickness=float topUpperThickness6,8=float topLowerThickness6,8=float > <material End-cap coanting material specification /> </coating> ... </coatings> </endCap> <antimicrophonicShield topThickness1,2,3,4,5,7=float sideThickness=float topUpperThickness6,8=float topLowerThickness6,8=float > <material Antimicrophonic shield material specification /> </antimicrophonicShield> <vacuum topThickness1,2,3,4,5,7=float0 bottomThicknessA1,2,3,4,5,7=float0 sideThicknessN=float0 sideOuterThicknessA=float0 sideInnerThicknessA=float0 topUpperThickness6,8=float0 bottomUpperThicknessA6,8=float0 topLowerThicknessA6,8=float0 bottomLowerThicknessA6,8=float0 /> <housing>1,2,3,4,5,7 <sideInner thickness=float0> <material Inner side housing material specification /> </sideInner> <sideOuter thickness=float0> <material Outer side housing material specification /> </sideOuter> <topLower thickness=float0> <material Lower top housing material specification /> </topLower> <topUpper thickness=float0> <material Upper top housing material specification /> </topUpper> </housing> </detector>
The detector type can have one of eight predefined values:
Many detector parameters depend on their type. Therefore, we will use the numbers from the above (displayed in superscript) to indicate the availability of a certain element or attribute. For example, the line:
<core height1,3=float radius=float rounded1,3=bool />1,2,3,4
ends with “1,2,3,4”, meaning that the “core” element can be used only with detector types 1, 2, 3 and 4, or Closed-end coaxial HPGe, True coaxial HPGe, Closed-end coaxial Ge(Li) and Open-end coaxial Ge(Li). But, out of those four, only attributes “height” and “rounded” can be used with detector types 1 and 3.
Detector crystal parameters are defined by “height”, “radius” and “bulletizingRadius” attributes (the last one only for the first four detector types).
A detector crystal core (which exists in detectors 1, 2, 3 and 4) is specified using the “core” element with three attributes: “height”, “radius” and “rounded”. Since detectors 2 and 4 are true coaxial, only a radius attribute is relevant for these.
The well detectors’ cavity size (both Germanium and NaI) is defined with two parameters of the “well” element: “depth” and “radius”.
Germanium detectors’ dead layer is specified by the “inactiveGe” element. There are two attributes for HPGe and Ge(Li) detectors: “topThickness” and “sideThickness”. For planar detectors, also the third parameter “bottomThickness” has to be specified. The attributes for well detectors are: “topUpperThickness” “topLowerThickness”, “sideInnerThickness” and “sideOuterThickness”.
Reflecting layer for NaI detectors is specified by the “reflectingLayer” element. The attributes of this element for common (cylindrical) detector crystal are “topThickness” and “sideThickness”, while there are four of them for the well NaI detector: “topUpperThickness” “topLowerThickness”, “sideInnerThickness” and “sideOuterThickness”. Reflecting layer material has to be specified using the “material” sub-element (except when all specified attributes are equal to zero).
Contact thicknesses and material for HPGe detectors are specified using the element “contact” and its attributes “sideThickness” and “topThickness” (in cases of closed-end coaxial HPGe detector with a flat core) and the sub-element “material” (except when both specified attributes are equal to zero).
The contact pin is defined using the “contactPin” element and its “radius” attribute, and the “material” sub-element (if the radius specified is greater than zero).
The optical coupling for NaI detectors has to be defined by the “opticalCoupling” element and its attribute “thickness”. If the thickness is greater than zero then the material of the optical coupling must be defined using the “material” sub-element.
A photomultiplier tube, utilized in NaI detectors, is defined by the “photomultiplierTube” element. The wall and window of the tube are, further, defined by the “wall” and “window” sub-elements. Both have one attribute named “thickness” and “material” sub-element (if the thickness specified is greater than zero).
The detector end-cap for all detector types is defined by the mandatory “endCap” element: thicknesses using the attributes “sideThickness” for all types, “topThickness” for all non-well types and “topUpperThickness” and “topLowerThickness” for well-type detectors, as well as with the “material” sub-element.
The end-cap window, if present on the end-cap, can be defined by four attributes of the “window” sub-element of the “endCap” element: “thickness”, “radius”, “holeRadius” and “holderThickness” (the first two are mandatory) and the “material” sub-element.
Finally, if the end-cap is coated, you can define its coating layers using the “coatings” sub-element of the “endCap” element. Up to two layers can be defined using the “coating” sub-elements for each, with the attributes “sideThickness” for all detector types, “topThickness” for all non-well types and “topUpperThickness” and “topLowerThickness” for well-type detectors. Any of these attributes (but not all of them) can have the value of zero. Every coating layer material is defined using the “material” sub-element.
You can define the antimicrophonic shield using the optional element “antimicrophonicShield” with four attributes: “sideThickness” for all detector types, “topThickness” for all non-well types and “topUpperThickness” and “topLowerThickness”, and the “material” sub-element.
The number of parameters which define the vacuum inside the detector varies depending on the detector type and the antimicrophonic shield. The attributes of the “vacuum” element which are present in cases when an antimicrophonic shield exists are indicated with the letter “A” in the superscript. The attribute “sideThickness” must be defined for every detector type if an antimicrophonic shield is not present (indicated with the letter “N” in the superscript).
The last parameter for non-well detectors is detector housing. It is specified using the “housing” element. Two horizontal and vertical layers are defined by four sub-elements: “sideInner”, “sideOuter”, “topLower” and “topUpper”, each of them having only one attribute: “thickness”. All elements are mandatory, but thicknesses can be equal to zero. For each layer with non-zero thickness, the material must be defined using the “material” sub-element.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <angle generator="ANGLE" version="4.0" build="5.0.0.274" units="mm"> <detector type="Closed-end coaxial HPGe" name="43-TN21827A" description="In Clamshell"> <crystal height="63.8" radius="31.5" bulletizingRadius="8" /> <core height="42.6" radius="4.55" rounded="yes" /> <inactiveGe topThickness="0.0003" sideThickness="0.0003" /> <contact sideThickness="0.7"> <material name="Germanium" /> </contact> <contactPin radius="2"> <material name="Brass" density="8.41"> <elements> <element symbol="Cu" massFraction="60" /> <element symbol="Zn" massFraction="39.25" /> <element symbol="Sn" massFraction="0.75" /> </elements> </material> </contactPin> <endCap topThickness="1" sideThickness="1"> <material name="Aluminium" /> <window thickness="0.5" radius="40" holeRadius="40" holderThickness="0"> <material name="Beryllium" /> </window> </endCap> <vacuum topThickness="7" sideThickness="8.24" /> <housing> <sideInner thickness="0.76"> <material name="Aluminium" /> </sideInner> <sideOuter thickness="0" /> <topLower thickness="1E-9"> <material name="Aluminized Mylar" density="2.035"> <elements> <element symbol="C" massFraction="31.25" /> <element symbol="H" massFraction="2.1" /> <element symbol="O" massFraction="16.65" /> <element symbol="Al" massFraction="50" /> </elements> </material> </topLower> <topUpper thickness="0" /> </housing> </detector> </angle>
Semiconductor and scintillation detector gamma-efficiency calculations